Class – 8th

Crop Production and Management

 

  • All living organisms require food.
  • The energy from food is utilised by an organism for carrying out its various life processes such as digestion, respiration, and excretion.
  • Plants can make their food themselves but animals including humans cannot.
  • We get our food from plants or animals, or both.
Plants of the same kind that are grown and cultivated as a source of food in a large cultivable land is called a crop.
Kya hum koi bhi crop kabhi bhi uga sakte hai? Nahi, har crop different hai jisko different weather conditions different soil and nutrients required hai.
Types of Crops
Rabi Crop
Crops which are grown in the winter season (from October to March) are called Rabi crops.
For Example: Wheat, Gram, Pea, Mustard, and Linseed.
Kharif Crop
Crops which are sown in the rainy season (from July to October) are called Kharif crops.
For Example: Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, and cotton.
Zaid Crops (or Summer Crops)
The crops which are grown in the summer season are called zaid crops.
For Example : Moong, muskmelon, watermelon, cucumber, gourd and bitter gourd.
Cultivation of crops
  • Soil Preparation:It involves loosening and tilling of the soil (i.e., ploughing and watering).
Selection of Seed – Quality of the Seeds
  • The quality of the seed is an important factor that determines the crop yield.
  • The selection of good seeds is done by putting the seeds in water.
  • The dead and damaged seeds become hollow and float on water, whereas the good seeds sink.
  • Sowing:Sowing is the process of putting seeds in the soil.
  • Adding Manure and Fertilisers:The substances, which are added to the soil in the form of nutrients to improve the production of the crops and fertility of the soil are called manure and fertilisers.
  • Irrigation:Supply of water to crops at appropriate intervals is called irrigation.
  • Protection from Weeds:Weeds are the unwanted plants that grow along with the crops. Its removal is a must for the better growth of the crops. These can be controlled by spraying certain chemicals, called weedicides, like 2, 4-D.
  • Harvesting:The cutting of the crop after it is mature is called harvesting.
  • Storage: If the crop grains are to be kept for a longer time, they should be safe from moisture, insects, and rats.

 

Recommended Posts

Class 11 English The Voice of Rain summary
Class 9 Tissue Notes
Improvement In Food Resources Class 9 Extra Questions