Class 9 Tissue Extra Questions

Class – IX                                            CSCE TUTORIAL                                               Science

Tissues

 

  1. What do you mean by the term Tissue?
  2. What are the three types of meristems?
  3. Which meristem is present at growing tips of stem and roots?
  4. Name the basic packing tissue of plant.
  5. Name the tissue present in soft parts of the plants like pith and cortex.
  6. Name the tissue found at the base of leaves.
  7. What leads to increase in the girth of stem?
  8. What feature helps aquatic plants to maintain buoyancy in Water?
  9. Name the parenchyma which contains chlorophyll.
  10. Name the tissue which is present in the veins of leaves.
  11. Walls of sclerenchymatous cells are thickened. What causes the thickening?
  12. Why epidermis of plants living in dry habitats is thicker?
  13. What is the function of waxy covering on epidermis of aerial parts of plants?
  14. Why are corks impervious to gases and water?
  15. What is bast ? Enlist its major features and functions.
  16. Write down the name of living cells of Xylem and Phloem.
  17. Which complex permanent tissue conducts materials in both directions?
  18. Which type of conducting tissues conduct water and minerals vertically?
  19. Name the dead element of phloem.
  20. What is the common name of:-
    a) Xylem                b) Phloem
  21. Which type of tissue is found at shoot apex? Name another part of the plant body where this type of tissue is found.
  22. Write a short note on different types of meristematic tissue with their location and function in plants.
  23. Show the diagrammatic representation of location of lateral meristem and intercalary meristem in plant body.
  24. What is the difference in aerenchyma and chlorenchyma.
  25. Write the functions of following chemical substances found in plant tissues:
    (i) Lignin                                                              (ii) Cutin
  1. Water hyacinth floats on water surface. Explain.
  2. What are the functions of collenchyma in plants?
  3. What is the role of epidermis in plants?
  4. Answer the following :
    (i) How is the epidermis of the plants living in very dry habitats adapted?
    (ii)Write the functions of guard cells of stomata in the leaf.
  1. Why is epidermis present as a thick waxy coating of cutin in desert plants?
  2. Write a short note on vascular bundle.
  3. Name the components of Xylem and draw a living component.
  4. Draw a diagrammatic labeled sketch of stem tip to show location of merismatic tissue. Mention the function of different types of meristematic tissue.
  5. Name the tissue responsible for the flexibility in plants. How would you differentiate it from other permanent tissue?
  6. Describe three functions of protective tissue in plants.
  7. Differentiate between Sclerenchyma and Parenchyma tissue. Draw well labeled diagram.
  8. What are the characteristics of cork? How it is formed? Mention its role.
  9. Write a note on the protective tissue in plants.

Class 9 Tissue Notes

Class – IX                                CSCE TUTORIAL                                       Biology

Tissues

 

Tissues

Tissues are the cluster of structurally and functionally similar cells arranged to give the highest possible efficiency of the function they perform. All cells of a tissue have a common origin.

Characteristics of Tissues

  1. There is division of labour in multicellular organisms, as different group of cells perform different functions.
  2. Tissues become organized to form organs and organs thereby develop into systems.
  3. Due to improved organisation and higher efficiency, multicellular organisms have higher rate of survival than unicellular organisms.

 

Plant Tissue

On the basis of dividing capacity, plant tissues can be classified into two fundamental types as:-


1). Meristematic Tissue

The tissue whose called divide actively throughout life is known as meristematic tissue. It is also called as growth tissue and is found in the growing regions of plant like root and shoot tip. The process of cell division in meristematic tissue is prominent to get new cells. Cell forming in this tissue are active and have dense cytoplasm, thin cellulose walls and prominent nuclei. These are classified on the basis of  the regions where they are present as growth of plants occurs only in certain specific regions.

  1. Apical Meristem – These are present at growing tips of stems and roots. Thus, are helpful in increasing the length of the stems and the roots. It acts as pro-meristem having actively dividing cells, giving rise to other meristems.
  2. Intercalary Meristem – These are present at the base of the leaves or internodes on twigs. It helps in longitudinal growth of plants by adding primary tissues.
  3. Lateral Meristem – These are present on the lateral sides of stem and roots. It helps in increasing the girth of the stem or root.

 

2). Permanent Tissue

This tissue is formed from the cells of meristematic tissue when they loose their ability to divide and have attained a permanent shape, size and function by the process called differentiation.

  1. Simple permanent tissue
    It is made up of only one type of cells, the cell forming these tissues are similar in structure and function.
  2. Parenchyma
    They are present in cortex and pith of stem and roots and also in mesophyll of leaves.

Characteristics of Parenchyma are:-

  1. The cells are isodiametric, i.e. all sides equal with thin cell walls made up of cellulose.
  2. Cells are loosely packed with large spaces between cells (i.e. intercellular spaces).
  3. Each cell encloses a large vacuole and a peripheral cytoplasm containing nucleus.

Functions of Parenchyma are :-

  1. It stores and assimilates food and serves as food storage tissue.
  2. It provides support to plant due to its turgidity property.
  3. When the parenchyma cell contains chlorophyll in some situations, it performs photosynthesis. Such Parenchyma tissues are called Chlorenchyma.
  4. In aquatic plants, large air cavities are present in parenchyma cells in order to give buoyancy to plants which help them to float. Such type of parenchyma tissue is called Aerenchyma. 

    Aerenchyma

  1. The presence of intracellular spaces between the cells allows the exchange of gases.
  2. It serves as a packing tissue to fill the spaces between other tissues and maintains the shape and firmness of the plants.
  3. Collenchyma

These are the tissues which are found in leaf stalks below the epidermis, leaf mid-ribs and herbaceous dicot stems.

Characteristics of Collenchyma are:-

  1. Cells are living, elongated and irregularly thickened at the corners.
  2. Cell wall has extra deposition of cellulose and pectin and possesses simple pits.
  3. They have very little intercellular spaces.
  4. They contain chloroplast.

Functions of Collenchyma are:-

  1. It provides mechanical support and elasticity or flexibility to plants.
  2. It allows easy bending in various parts of a plant without breaking.
  3. They manufacture sugar and starch when possess chloroplasts.
  4. Sclerenchyma
    It is present in stems, around vascular bundles, in the veins of leaves and in the hard covering of seeds and nuts.

Characteristics of Sclerenchyma are:-

  1. The cells of sclerenchyma tissue are dead and do not contain protoplasm.
  2. The cells are long and narrow in appearance.
  3. Cells are of two types : fibres and sclereids (grit cells or stone cells).
  4. Cell wall are thickened due to lignin deposition which acts as cement and hardens them.
  5. A prominent middle lamella exists between two cells.
  6. Due to the presence of thick walls, there is no internal space inside the cell.

Functions of Sclerenchyma are:-

  1. It is known to be chief mechanical tissue which makes plant hard and stiff.
  2. It provides strength and enables the plant to bear various stresses.
  3. It forms protective covering around seeds and nuts.
  4. It gives rigidity, flexibility and elasticity to the plant body.

 

Protective Tissue

The protective tissue is meant to provide protection to the plants from undue loss of water and retain adequate water in them. The two types of protective tissues present in plants are:-

(i) Epidermis                                                         (ii) Cork (or Phellum)

  • Epidermis

Epidermis is the outer covering of the plant. It is meant to provide protection to all the parts of the plant. On the aerial parts of the plant, Epidermal cells often secrete a waxy, water-resistant layer on their outer surface which provides protection against loss of water, mechanical injury and invasion of parasitic fungi. Cells of epidermis tissue form a continuous layer and no intercellular spaces due to protective role.

Epidermal cells of leaf bear small pores known as stomata. These are enclosed by two kidney shaped cells called guard cells. Stomata are responsible for the exchange of gases with the atmosphere and for the process of transpiration. The epidermal cells of roots whose main function is water absorption bear long hair like outgrowths called root hair that greatly increase the total absorptive surface area and helps the roots to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. In desert plants, epidermis has a thick waxy coating of cutin on its surface to prevent water loss. Cutin is a chemical substance with waterproof quality.

 

  • Cork

It is the strip of secondary meristem which replaces the epidermis of older stems. Cells of cork are dead, compactly arranged and have no intercellular spaces. It forms bark of the tree. A chemical called suberin is present in their walls which make them impervious to gases and water. It prevents desiccation, infection and mechanical injury.

 

Complex Permanent Tissue

It is made of more than one type of cells having a common origin. The cells look different from each other. Regardless of different appearances, all the cells co-ordinate to perform a common function.

Types of Complex Permanent Tissue are:-

  • Xylem

It is a vascular and mechanical conducting tissue, also known as wood. The cells of xylem have thick walls and many of them are dead. It transport water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant. It provides mechanical strength to the plant. Xylem consist of various types of elements which are :-

  1. Tracheids
    These are long, tubular, elongated, dead cells with lignified walls and tapering ends. They transport water and minerals vertically. They possess pits for transport of water from cell to cell.
  2. Vessels
    These are long, tube like structures, formed by a row of cells, placed end to end. These  are dead cells with lignified walls. These are shorter and wider than tracheids due to their thick walls and broad lumen.
  3. Xylem Parenchyma
    These are the only living cells of xylem with thin cell walls. It stores food and help in the sideways conduction of water.
  4. Xylem Fibres
    They have elongated dead cells with tapering ends and thick cell walls. They are sclerenchyma fibres associated with Xylem.
  • Phloem

It is another kind of living conducting tissue, also known as bast. It transport food from leaves to other parts of the plant. Materials can move in both direction in it. All phloem cells are living except phloem fibres.

  1. Sieve tubes
    These are tubular cells with walls perforated by numerous pores and are called sieve plates. Nucleus is absent, but present in young cells. They have thin layer of cytoplasm.
  2. Companion cells
    These are small elongated cells having thin walls. They have dense cytoplasm and prominent nucleus. They are connected to sieve tubes with numerous plasmodesmata. They help in maintain pressure gradient in sieve tube.
  3. Phloem parenchyma
    These are thin-walled living parenchymatous cells. They help in storage and slow lateral conduction of food by plasmodesmatal connections.
  4. Phloem fibre
    These are thick-walled, elongated, dead sclerenchymatous cells having narrow lumen. They provide mechanical strength to the tissue. Bast fibers obtained from plants like jute, hemp, flex etc. have commercial value.

 

Animal Tissue

  1. Epithelial Tissue
    It is the simplest protective tissue of the animal body, which covers most organs and cavities of the body. Cells of epithelial tissues are tightly packed and form a continuous sheet. They have a very small amount of cementing material between them. It forms a barrier to keep different body systems separated from each other. It is separated from underlying tissue by an extracellular fibrous basement membrane containing collagen.

On the basis of shape and arrangement, epithelial tissues further classified as:-

  1. Squamous Epithelium

    ‘Squama’ means scales. It has scale like appearance, it is also known as tessellated or pavement epithelium.
    It is further categorized as :-
    1. Simple Squamous Epithelium
    The cells are very thin and flat and appear as tiles over a floor. It is single layered and closely fitted. It forms a delicate lining of blood vessels and lung alveoli, where substance transport occurs through a selectively permeable membrane.
    2. Stratified Squamous Epithelium

     

  2. Cuboidal Epithelium
  3. Column Epithelium
  4. Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

 

 

Matter in Our Surroundings Class 9

CSCE TUTORIAL

Class – IX                                                                                                                                                                              Science

Matter in Our Surroundings
  1. Name the two gases which are supplied in compressed form in homes and hospitals.
  2. Name the state of matter that have the tendency to maintain their shape when subjected to outside force.
  3. Name any three substances that show sublimation.
  4. What is dry ice?
  5. Name the process which occurs when a drop of Dettol is added to water.
  6. Name SI unit of measuring temperature. The boiling point of water is 100°C under normal atmospheric pressure. Convert this temperature to SI Units.
  7. Give reasons for the following:
    (a) Gases fill up completely the vessel in which they are kept.
    (b) Gases exert pressure on the walls of the containing vessel.
  1. Name three states of matter. Which state of matter is rigid and why?
  2. List three characteristics of particles of matter. Describe one example for each characteristic to illustrate it. Name the characteristics which are responsible for
    a. spreading of smell of scent in a room and
    b. water taking the shape of the vessel in which poured.
  3. To which physical state of matter, do the following statements apply?
    incompressible, no fixed shape
    incompressible, high melting point
    compressible, no definite volume
    incompressible, highly fluid.
  4. Define (a) Compressibility (b) Rigidity (c) Fluidity
  5. List any two properties of liquids which are common to gases.
  6. State the physical state of water as the following temperatures.

(a) 373 K                             (b) 300 K                            (c) 200 K

  1. A drop of ink and a drop of honey are placed in water in different beakers. Which of the two will spread faster? Give reason for your answer.
  2. Explain why do wet clothes dry faster when we spread them out.
  3. Name the state of matter in which:
    (i) Layers of particles can slip and slide over one another easily.
    (ii) Particles just move around randomly because of very weak force of attraction.

Coordinate Geometry Class 10 Practice Questions

CSCE TUTORIAL

Coordinate Geometry

Class – X                                                                                                                                                                            Mathematics
  1. Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant from the points (7, 1) and (3, 5).
  2. Find a point on the y-axis equidistant from (-5, 2) and (9, -2)
  3. Find the distance of the point (-3, 4) from the x-axis.
  4. Find the distance of the point P (2, 3) from the x-axis.
  5. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection (i.e., points dividing into three equal parts) of the line segment joining the points A(2, – 2) and B(– 7, 4).
  6. Find the value of a when the distance between the points (3, a) and (4, 1) is √10.
  7. Find the value of x, y if the distances of the point (x, y) from (- 3, 0) as well as from (3, 0) are 4.
  8. If the points (2, 1) and (1, -2) are equidistant from the point (x, y), show that
x + 3y = 0.
  1. Which point on the x-axis is equidistant from (5, 9) and (-4, 6)?
  2. Find a point on the x-axis which is equidistant from the points (7, 6) and (-3, 4).
  3. The length of a line segment is of 10 units, and the coordinates of one end-point are (2, -3). If the abscissa of the other end is 10, find the ordinate of the other end.
  4. Show that the points A(- 4, -1), B(-2, – 4), C(4, 0) and D(2, 3) are the vertices points of a rectangle.
  5. The points A (2, 9), B (a, 5) and C (5, 5) are the vertices of a triangle ABC, right-angled at B. Find the values of a and hence the area of triangle ABC.
  6. Prove that the points (-2, 5), (0, 1) and (2, -3) are collinear.
  7. The coordinates of point P are (-3, 2). Find the coordinates of the point Q, which lies on the line joining P and origin such that OP = OQ.
  8. The three vertices of a parallelogram are (3, 4), (3, 8) and (9, 8). Find the fourth vertex.
  9. Find a point which is equidistant from points A (-5, 4) and B (-1, 6). How many such points are there?
  10. The centre of a circle is (2a, a – 7). Find the values of a if the circle passes through the point (11, -9) and has diameter 10√2 units.
  1. Ayush starts walking from his house to the office. Instead of going to the office directly, he goes to the bank first, from there to his daughter’s school and then reaches the office. What is the extra distance travelled by Ayush in reaching the office? (Assume that all distances covered are in straight lines). If the house is situated at (2, 4), bank at (5, 8), school at (13, 14) and office at (13, 26) and coordinates are in kilometers.
  2. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the points (– 3, 10) and (6, – 8) is divided by (– 1, 6).
  3. Find the coordinates of point A, where AB is the diameter of the circle whose centre is (2, -3) and B is (1, 4).
  4. If (a, b) is the mid-point of the line segment joining the points A (10, -6), B(k, 4) and a – 2b = 18, find the value of k and the distance AB.
  5. If P(9a – 2, -b) divides the line segment joining A(3a + 1, -3) and B(8a, 5) in the ratio 3 : 1, find the values of a and b.
  6. If the points (-2, 1), (1, 0), (x, 3) and (1, y) form a parallelogram, find the values of x and y.

Acid Bases and Salts Class 10 Important Questions

CSCE TUTORIAL

Acid, Bases and Salt

 

  1. What colour do the following indicators turn when added to a base or alkali (such as sodium hydroxide)?
    (a) Methyl orange                       (b) litmus                                    (c) red cabbage extract
  1. What will be the action of the following substances on litmus paper?
    a. Dry HCI gas
    b. Moistened NH3 gas
    c. Lemon juice
    d. Carbonated soft drinks
    e. Curd
    f. Soap solution
  1. Name the acid present in ant sting and give its chemical formula. Also, give the common method to get relief from the discomfort caused by the ant sting.
  1. Name an indicator which is pink in an alkaline solution but turns colourless in an acidic solution.
  1. When a solution is added to a cloth strip treated with onion extract, then the smell of onion cannot be detected. State whether the given solution contains an acid or base.
  1. How will you test for the gas which is liberated when hydrochloric acid reacts with an active metal?
  1. Name the gas that evolved when dilute HCl reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate. How is it recognized?
  1. (a) Write the chemical name and formula of marble.
    (b) It has been found that marbles of Taj are getting corroded due to development of industrial areas around it. Explain this fact giving a chemical equation.
  1. How would you distinguish between baking powder and washing soda by heating?
  1. Salt A is commonly used in bakery products on heating gets converted into another salt B, which is used to remove the hardness of water, and a gas C is evolved. The gas C, when passed through lime water, turns it milky. Identify A, B and C.
  2. In one of the industrial processes used to manufacture sodium hydroxide, a gas X is formed as a byproduct. The gas X reacts with lime water to give a compound Y used as a bleaching agent in the chemical industry. Identify X and Y giving the chemical equation of the reactions involved.
  3. When zinc metal is treated with a dilute solution of a strong acid, a gas is evolved, which is utilised in the hydrogenation of oil. Name the gas evolved. Write the chemical equation of the reaction involved and also write a test to detect the gas formed.
  4. For making cake, baking powder is taken. If your mother uses baking soda instead of baking powder in cake at home,
    (a ) How will it affect the taste of the cake and why?
    (b ) How can baking soda be converted into baking powder?
    (c ) What is the role of tartaric acid added to baking soda?
  1. A metal carbonate X reacting with acid gives a gas that gives the carbonate back when passed through a solution Y. On the other hand, a gas G obtained at the anode during electrolysis of brine is passed on dry Y, it gives a compound Z, used for disinfecting drinking water. Identity X, Y, G and Z.
  1. Name on natural source of each of the following acids:
    (a) Citric acid            (b) Oxalic acid               (c) Lactic acid                       (d) Tartaric acid
  1. Fresh milk has a pH will change as it turns into curd? Explain.
  1. A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
    (i)  Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?
    (ii) What do you expect to observe when milk comes to boil?
  1. What happens when sodium carbonate reacts with dilute HCl acid?
  1. Why are metallic oxides called basic oxides?
  1. State the number of water molecules present in crystals of washing soda and plaster of paris. What are these water molecules called as?
  2. A white powder is used by doctor to support fractured bones write the chemical name of it. Write the chemical equation of its preparation. Why should it be stored in a dry place? Give one more use of the white powder.
  3. State the chemical property in each case on which of the following uses of baking soda are based :
    a. as an antacid
    b. as a constituent of baking powder

 

Metals and Non Metals Class 10 important questions

CSCE TUTORIAL

Metals and Non-Metals

Class – X                                                                                                                                                                        Chemistry

 

  1. Iron is a ________________ metal widely used in construction.
  2. Non-metals generally have ________________ conductivity of electricity.
  3. Aluminium is a ________________ metal used in making beverage cans.
  4. Non-metals tend to be ________ at room temperature.
  5. Chlorine is a ______________ gas with a pungent odor.
  6. Metals are generally ______________ conductors of heat.
  7. ____________ is a shiny and ductile metal often used in jewelry.
  8. Non-metals such as sulphur and phosphorus are often found in _____________ form.
  9. Aluminium is a ________________ metal used in aircraft manufacturing.
  10. ________________ is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe.
  11. Non-metals tend to ________________ electrons during chemical reactions.
  12. Copper is a good ________________ of heat, making it ideal for cooking utensils.
  13. Carbon dioxide is a ________________ gas that is essential for photosynthesis.
  14. ________________ is a reactive non-metal used in the treatment of drinking water.
  15. ________________ is a non-metal that is essential for the formation of bones and teeth.
  16. Helium is a ________________ gas used to inflate balloons and airships.
  17. Non-metals generally have low ________________ points and low densities.
  18. Gold is a highly ________________ metal, often used in electronic devices.
  19. In the periodic table, metals are found on the ________ side.
  20. Oxygen gas is a ________________ of combustion reactions.
  21. Non-metals like nitrogen and oxygen make up the majority of the ________________.
  22. Mercury is the only metal that is ________________ at room temperature.
  23. Metals have a tendency to ________________ electrons to form positive ions.
  24. ________________ is a non-metallic element used in making matchsticks.
  25. Neon is a noble gas and is used in ________________ signs.
  26. _________________ is an essential metal for the transportation of oxygen in the blood.
  27. ________________ is a non-metal that is essential for the formation of proteins.
  28. The ________________ of metalloids allows them to exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals.
  29. Non-metals like chlorine and iodine are used in ________________ substances.
  30. The most abundant metal in the earth’s crust is ________________ .
  31. The process in which a carbonate ore is heated strongly in the absence of air to convert it into metal oxide is called ________________ .
  32. Oxides of moderately reactive metals like Zinc, Iron, Nickel, Tin, Copper etc. are reduced by using ________________ as reducing agent.
  33. Galvanisation is a method of protecting iron from rusting by coating with a thin layer of ______________ .
  34. Amalgam is an alloy of ______________ .
  35. Copper objects lose their shine and form green coating of ______________
  36. Two metals which melt when kept on the palm are ______________ and ______________ .
  37. A non-metal which is a good conductor of electricity is ______________.
  38. Metals can form positive ions by ______________.
  39. A non-metal which is lustrous is ______________.
  40. A metal which burns in air with a dazzling white flame is ______________ .
  41. Metals above hydrogen in the activity series can displace ______________ from dilute acids.
  42. The extraction of metals from their ores and then refining them for use is known as ______________ is an allotroph of carbon and is the hardest natural substance.
  43. Metals which are so soft that they can be cut with a knife are __________ and __________
  44. Metal oxides ______________ and ______________ dissolve in water to form alkalis.
  45. A non-metal used to preserve food material is ______________
  46. The metals that float when treated with water are ______________ and ______________ .
  47. When a pellet of sodium is dropped in water, it __________________ and __________________
  48. Aqua regia is a freshly prepared mixture of concentrated HNO3 and concentrated HCl in the ratio of __________________ and __________________.
  49. _________________ is a metal which is stored in kerosene oil.
  50. _________________ is a non-metal which is stored under water.

Class 11 Sets Important Questions Solutions

Answer Key

  1. 2x– 1 is always an odd number for all positive integral values of x since 2x is an even number.
  • In particular, 2x– 1 is an odd number for x = 1, 2, … , 9.
    Therefore, A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
  • x2+ 7x – 8 = 0
    (x + 8) (x – 1) = 0
    x = – 8 or x = 1
    Therefore, C = {– 8, 1}

 

  1. For “CATARACT”, Distinct letters are
    {C, A, T, R} = {A, C, R, T}
    For “TRACT”, Distinct letters are
    {T, R, A, C} = {A, C, R, T
    The letters needed to spell cataract are equal to the set of letters needed to spell tract.
    Hence, the two sets are equal.

 

  1. (i) A = {x | x ∈ N and x is odd}

A = {1, 3, 5, 7, …, 99}
(ii) B = {y | y = x + 2, x ∈ N}

1 ∈ N, y = 1 + 2 = 3

2 ∈ N, y = 2 + 2 = 4, and so on.

Therefore, B = {3, 4, 5, 6, … , 100}

 

  1. A = All natural numbers, i.e., {1, 2, 3…..}

B = All even natural numbers, i.e., {2, 4, 6, 8…}

C = All odd natural numbers, i.e., {1, 3, 5, 7……}

D = All prime natural numbers, i.e., {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, …}

(i) A ∩ B

A contains all elements of B.

∴ B ⊂ A = {2, 4, 6, 8…}

         ∴ A ∩ B = B

(ii) A ∩ C

A contains all elements of C.

∴ C ⊂ A = {1, 3, 5…}

         ∴ A ∩ C = C

(iii) A ∩ D

A contains all elements of D.

∴ D ⊂ A = {2, 3, 5, 7..}

         ∴ A ∩ D = D

(iv) B ∩ C

B ∩ C = ϕ

         There is no natural number which is both even and odd at the same time.

(v) B ∩ D

B ∩ D = 2

         {2} is the only natural number which is even and a prime number.

C ∩ D

C ∩ D = {1, 3, 5, 7…}

= D – {2}

         Every prime number is odd except {2}.

 

  1. (i) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

A ∪ B = {x: x ∈ A or x ∈ B}

                        = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

         (ii) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

C = {7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

A ∪ C = {x: x ∈ A or x ∈ C}

              = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

         (iii) B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

C = {7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

B ∪ C = {x: x ∈ B or x ∈ C}

                  = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

         (iv)  B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

D = {10, 11, 12, 13, 14}

B ∪ D = {x: x ∈ B or x ∈ D}

                = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}

(v) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

C = {7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

A ∪ B = {x: x ∈ A or x ∈ B}

= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

A ∪ B ∪ C = {x: x ∈ A ∪ B or x ∈ C}

                        = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

(vi) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

D = {10, 11, 12, 13, 14}

A ∪ B = {x: x ∈ A or x ∈ B}

= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

A ∪ B ∪ D = {x: x ∈ A ∪ B or x ∈ D}

                         = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}

(vii) B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

C = {7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

D = {10, 11, 12, 13, 14}

B ∪ C = {x: x ∈ B or x ∈ C}

= {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

B ∪ C ∪ D = {x: x ∈ B ∪ C or x ∈ D}

                        = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}

(viii) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

C = {7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

B ∪ C = {x: x ∈ B or x ∈ C}

= {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

A ∩ B ∪ C = {x: x ∈ A and x ∈ B ∪ C}

                = {4, 5}

(ix) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

C = {7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

(A ∩ B) = {x: x ∈ A and x ∈ B}

= {4, 5}

(B ∩ C) = {x: x ∈ B and x ∈ C}

= {7, 8}

(A ∩ B) ∩ (B ∩ C) = {x: x ∈ (A ∩ B) and x ∈ (B ∩ C)}

                                   = ϕ

(x) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

C = {7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

D = {10, 11, 12, 13, 14}

A ∪ D = {x: x ∈ A or x ∈ D}

= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14}

B ∪ C = {x: x ∈ B or x ∈ C}

= {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}

(A ∪ D) ∩ (B ∪ C) = {x: x ∈ (A ∪ D) and x ∈ (B ∪ C)}

                                 = {4, 5, 10, 11}

 

  1. U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}

A′ = {1, 4, 5, 6}

B′ = { 1, 2, 6 }.

A′ ∩ B′ = { 1, 6 }

A ∪ B = { 2, 3, 4, 5 }

(A ∪ B)′ = { 1, 6 }

Therefore, ( A ∪ B )′ = { 1, 6 } = A′ ∩ B′

 

  1. (i) A = {x : x is an integer and –3 ≤ x < 7}

Integers are …-5, -4, -3, -2, -2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,…..

A = {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

(ii) B = {x : x is a natural number less than 6}

Natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ……

B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

 

  1. U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {2, 4, 6}, B = {3, 5} and C = {1, 2, 4, 7}

(i)  A′ = {1, 3, 5, 7}

C′ = {3, 5, 6}

B ∩ C′ = {3, 5}

A′ ∪ (B ∩ C′) = {1, 3, 5, 7}

(ii) B – A = {3, 5}

A – C = {6}

(B – A) ∪ (A – C) = {3, 5, 6}

 

  1. Let U = {x : x ∈ N, x ≤ 9}; A = {x : x is an even number, 0 < x < 10}; B = {2, 3, 5, 7}

U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

A = {2, 4, 6, 8}

A U B = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

(A U B)’ = {1, 9}

 

  1. n (A ∪ B) = 50

n (A) = 28

n (B) = 32

n (A ∪ B) = n (A) + n (B) – n (A ∩ B)

Substituting the values, we get

50 = 28 + 32 – n (A ∩ B)

50 = 60 – n (A ∩ B)

–10 = – n (A ∩ B)

∴ n (A ∩ B) = 10

 

  1. n (P) = 40

n (P ∪ Q) = 60

n (P ∩ Q) =10

We know, n (P ∪ Q) = n (P) + n (Q) – n (P ∩ Q)

Substituting the values, we get

60 = 40 + n (Q)–10

60 = 30 + n (Q)

N (Q) = 30

∴ Q has 30 elements.

 

  1. Total number of people = 70

Number of people who like Coffee = n (C) = 37

Number of people who like Tea = n (T) = 52

Total number = n (C ∪ T) = 70

Person who likes both would be n (C ∩ T)

n (C ∪ T) = n (C) + n (T) – n (C ∩ T)

Substituting the values, we get

70 = 37 + 52 – n (C ∩ T)

70 = 89 – n (C ∩ T)

n (C ∩ T) =19

∴ There are 19 people who like both coffee and tea.

 

  1. Teachers teaching physics or math = 20

Teachers teaching physics and math = 4

Teachers teaching Maths = 12

Let teachers who teach physics be ‘n (P)’ and for Maths be ‘n (M)’

20 teachers who teach physics or math = n (P ∪ M) = 20

4 teachers who teach physics and math = n (P ∩ M) = 4

12 teachers who teach Maths = n (M) = 12

n (P ∪ M) = n (M) + n (P) – n (P ∩ M)

Substituting the values, we get,

20 = 12 + n (P) – 4

20 = 8 + n (P)

n (P) =12

∴ There are 12 physics teachers.

 

  1. Let total number of people be n (P) = 950

People who can speak English n (E) = 460

People who can speak Hindi n (H) = 750

(i) How many can speak both Hindi and English.

People who can speak both Hindi and English = n (H ∩ E)

n (P) = n (E) + n (H) – n (H ∩ E)

Substituting the values, we get

950 = 460 + 750 – n (H ∩ E)

950 = 1210 – n (H ∩ E)

n (H ∩ E) = 260

∴ The number of people who can speak both English and Hindi is 260.

(ii) How many can speak Hindi only.

We can see that H is disjoint union of n (H–E) and n (H ∩ E).

(If A and B are disjoint then n (A ∪ B) = n (A) + n (B))

∴ H = n (H–E) ∪ n (H ∩ E)

n (H) = n (H–E) + n (H ∩ E)

750 = n (H – E) + 260

n (H–E) = 490

∴ 490 people can speak only Hindi.

(iii) How many can speak English only.

We can see that E is disjoint union of n (E–H) and n (H ∩ E)

(If A and B are disjoint then n (A ∪ B) = n (A) + n (B))

∴ E = n (E–H) ∪ n (H ∩ E).

n (E) = n (E–H) + n (H ∩ E).

460 = n (H – E) + 260

n (H–E) = 460 – 260 = 200

∴ 200 people can speak only English.

 

  1. 15 students do not play any of three games.

n(H ∪ B ∪ C) = 60 – 15 = 45

n(H ∪ B ∪ C) = n(H) + n(B) + n(C) – n(H ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) – n(C ∩ H) + n(H ∩ B ∩ C)

45  = 23 + 15 + 20 – 7 – 5 – 4 + d

45  = 42 + d

d = 45- 42 = 3

Number of students who play all the three games = 3

Therefore, the number of students who play hockey, basketball and cricket = 3

a + d = 7

a = 7 – 3 = 4

b + d = 4

b = 4 – 3 = 1

a + b + d + e = 23

4 + 1 + 3 + e = 23

e = 15

Similarly, c = 2, g =14, f = 6

Number of students who play hockey but not cricket = a + e

= 4 + 15

= 19

Number of students who play hockey and cricket but not basketball = b = 1

 

 

Click here for questions based on above assignment

 

 

 

Class 11 Sets Important Questions

CSCE TUTORIAL

SETS

Important Questions

Class – XI

Maths

 

  1. Write the following sets in the roster form.
    (i)  A = {x : x is a positive integer less than 10 and 2x – 1 is an odd number}
    (ii) C = {x : x2 + 7x – 8 = 0, x ∈ R}

 

  1. Show that the set of letters needed to spell “CATARACT” and the set of letters needed to spell “TRACT” are equal.
  1. Given that N = {1, 2, 3, …, 100}, then
    (i) Write the subset A of N, whose elements are odd numbers.
    (ii) Write the subset B of N, whose elements are represented by x + 2, where x ∈ N.

 

  1. Let A = {x: x ∈N}, B = {x: x = 2n, n ∈ N), C = {x: x = 2n – 1, n ∈ N} and, D = {x: x is a prime natural number} Find:
    (i) A ∩ B                                                     (ii) A ∩ C                                               (iii) A ∩ D
    (iv) B ∩ C                                                   (v) B ∩ D                                               (vi) C ∩ D

 

  1. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, C = {7, 8, 9, 10, 11} and D = {10, 11, 12, 13, 14}. Find:
    (i) A ∪B                                                     (ii) A ∪ C                                               (iii) B ∪ C
    (iv) B ∪ D                                                   (v) A ∪ B ∪ C                                         (vi) A ∪ B ∪ D
    (vii) B ∪ C ∪ D                                           (viii) A ∩ (B ∪ C)                                   (ix) (A ∩ B) ∩ (B ∩ C)
    (x) (A ∪ D) ∩ (B ∪ C).

 

  1. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}.
    Find A′, B′, A′ ∩ B′, A ∪ B and hence show that ( A ∪ B )′ = A′∩ B′.
  1. Write the following sets in roster form:
    (i) A = {x : x is an integer and –3 ≤ x < 7}
    (ii) B = {x : x is a natural number less than 6}
  1. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {2, 4, 6}, B = {3, 5} and C = {1, 2, 4, 7}, find
    (i) A′ ∪ (B ∩ C′)
    (ii) (B – A) ∪ (A – C)
  1. Let U = {x : x ∈ N, x ≤ 9}; A = {x : x is an even number, 0 < x < 10}; B = {2, 3, 5, 7}. Write the set (A U B)’.
  1. If A and B are two sets such that n (A ∪ B) = 50, n (A) = 28 and n (B) = 32, find n (A ∩ B).
  2. If P and Q are two sets such that P has 40 elements, P ∪ Q has 60 elements, and P ∩ Q has 10 elements, how many elements does Q have?
  3. In a group of 70 people, 37 like coffee, 52 like tea, and each person likes at least one of the two drinks. How many like both coffee and tea?
  4. In a school, there are 20 teachers who teach mathematics or physics. Of these, 12 teach mathematics, and 4 teach physics and mathematics. How many teach physics?
  1. In a group of 950 persons, 750 can speak Hindi and 460 can speak English. Find:
    (i) How many can speak both Hindi and English?
    (ii) How many can speak Hindi only?
    (iii) How many can speak English only?
  2. In a class of 60 students, 23 play hockey, 15 play basketball,20 play cricket and 7 play hockey and basketball, 5 play cricket and basketball, 4 play hockey and cricket, 15 do not play any of the three games. Find
    (i) How many play hockey, basketball and cricket
    (ii) How many play hockey but not cricket
    (iii) How many play hockey and cricket but not basketball

 

Click on the link for the answers

 

CSCE Tutorial aims to provide comprehensive support for Class 11 students in their mathematics exam preparation. We understand the importance of not only practicing questions but also having access to solutions and answers to gauge your progress. That’s why we ensure that all the practice questions on our web page come with detailed solutions and explanations.

To check your progress and verify your answers, simply refer to the solutions provided alongside the practice questions. Our solutions are designed to help you understand the problem-solving techniques and concepts required to tackle similar questions in your exams successfully.

For further assistance, we encourage you to connect with us on Telegram, Instagram, and Facebook. You can find us at @cscetutorial. By following our social media channels, you’ll stay updated with the latest resources, tips, and exam-related information. Feel free to reach out to us with any queries or concerns you may have. We are here to support you on your journey to scoring good marks in your Class 11 exams.

Remember, consistent practice, understanding the concepts, and utilizing the provided solutions are key to your success in mathematics. Stay motivated, keep practicing, and excel in your exams!

Mathematics

Practice Questions for Scoring Good Marks in 2023-24 Exams

Are you a Class 11 student preparing for the upcoming exams? Do you want to score good marks and excel in your studies? Look no further! CSCE Tutorial brings you a comprehensive collection of practice questions tailored to the latest CBSE syllabus for the academic year 2023-24. Our web page is designed to provide you with the best resources and guidance to help you succeed in your exams.

How to Utilize CSCE Tutorial’s Practice Questions Effectively

  • Understanding the Exam Pattern
  • Practicing Regularly
  • Analyzing Mistakes and Improving
  • Seeking Clarification and Guidance

CSCE Tutorial is a leading online platform dedicated to providing high-quality educational resources for students. We understand the importance of practice in achieving academic success. Our resources focus on delivering practice questions specifically tailored to the needs of Class 11 students preparing for the 2023-24 exams. By utilizing our practice material, you gain access to a wealth of study material and practice questions, carefully designed to help you understand concepts, improve your problem-solving skills, and boost your confidence.

The CBSE syllabus provides a framework for academic excellence, ensuring that students receive a holistic education. The syllabus for the academic year 2023-24 incorporates updates and modifications to keep pace with the evolving educational landscape. Familiarizing yourself with the syllabus helps you align your preparation strategy and focus on the topics and concepts relevant to your exams.

Class 11 Mathematics

 

Chapter 1 Sets Assignment
Assignment Solution

Chapter 2 Relations and Functions

Chapter 3 Trigonometric Functions

Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction

Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities

Chapter 7 Permutation and Combinations

Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem

Chapter 9 Sequences and Series

Chapter 10 Straight Lines

Chapter 11 Conic Sections

Chapter 12 Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry

Chapter 13 Limits and Derivatives

Chapter 14 Mathematical Reasoning

Chapter 15 Statistics

Chapter 16 Probability

 

CSCE Tutorial aims to provide comprehensive support for Class 11 students in their mathematics exam preparation. We understand the importance of not only practicing questions but also having access to solutions and answers to gauge your progress. That’s why we ensure that all the practice questions on our web page come with detailed solutions and explanations.

To check your progress and verify your answers, simply refer to the solutions provided alongside the practice questions. Our solutions are designed to help you understand the problem-solving techniques and concepts required to tackle similar questions in your exams successfully.

For further assistance, we encourage you to connect with us on Telegram, Instagram, and Facebook. You can find us at @cscetutorial. By following our social media channels, you’ll stay updated with the latest resources, tips, and exam-related information. Feel free to reach out to us with any queries or concerns you may have. We are here to support you on your journey to scoring good marks in your Class 11 exams.

Remember, consistent practice, understanding the concepts, and utilizing the provided solutions are key to your success in mathematics. Stay motivated, keep practicing, and excel in your exams!

 

 

Improvement In Food Resources Class 9 Extra Questions

CSCE TUTORIAL

CHAPTER 15

IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES

 

  1. What is the most important source of irrigation in India?

Ans:  Rain water i.e., Monsoons.

 

  1. What are the traditional ways of irrigation used in India?

Ans:  There are many traditional ways of irrigation used in our country:

  1. Wells – There are two types of wells, dug wells and tube wells. In a dug well water is collected from the water bearing strata whereas in a tube well water is pumped out from the deeper strata through pumps.
  2. Canals – In this system water from one or more reservoirs or from rivers. The main canal is then branched into distributaries to irrgate fields.
  3. River lift system – In areas where the canal flow is irregular/ insufficient due to inadequate reservoir release, the lift system is used. Water is directly drawn from the rivers for supplementing irrigation in areas that are closed to the rivers.
  4. Tanks – These are small storage reservoirs which receive and store run-off of smaller catchment areas.

 

  1. What are the two fresh initiatives for increasing the availability of water for agriculture? What is the advantage of building check dams?

Ans.  Rain water harvesting and water shed management are the two fresh initiatives to supply water for irrigation. This involves building                  small check dams which  lead to an increase in ground water levels. Stop the rain water from flowing away thus reduces soil erosion.

 

  1. What do you mean by:
    1. Mixed cropping – Mixed cropping is growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land. For example, wheat + gram or wheat + mustard. This reduces the risk and gives some insurance against failure of one of the crops.
    2. Inter-cropping – It is growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field in a definite pattern. A few rows of one of alternate with a few rows of another crop for example soya bean + maize or finger millets + cow pea. The crops are selected in such a way that their nutrient requirements are different. This ensures maximum utilization of nutrients supplied and also prevents pests and diseases from spreading in a field.
    3. Crop rotation – The growing of different crops in a pre-planned succession is called crop rotation. Depending on the duration different combination of crops can be used. The availability of moisture and irrigation facilities decides the choice of crops. It can help the farmer to get two or three crops in a year with good harvests.

 

  1. What are weeds? Give examples. How are they harmful to the crops?

Ans:  Weeds are unwanted plants growing in the field along with the main crops.
For example, Xanthium and Parthenium, Cyperinus rotundus.
They compete with the main crop for nutrients, water, space etc. Therefore, they need to be removed from the field in the early stages            of crop growth for a good harvest.

 

  1. What are the various ways in which insect pests attack the plants?

Ans:  Three ways in which insect pests attack the plants are-

  1. They cut the root, stem and leaf.
  2. They suck the cell sap from the various parts of the plants.
  3. They bore into the stem or fruits. In these ways the plant health is harmed by the insect pests.

 

  1. How weeds, insects and diseases can be controlled in plants?

Ans:  Diseases in plants are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, virus etc. Weeds, insects and diseases can be controlled by various methods.

  1. By using pesticides which include herbicides, insecticides, fungicides etc. These chemicals are sprayed on crop plants or used for treating the seeds and soil. However, excessive use of these chemicals creates problems as they are poisonous substances harming the environment and plants and animals.
  2. Weeds control methods also include mechanical removal.
  3. Growth of weeds can also be prevented by proper seedbed preparation, inter or mixed cropping pattern etc.
  4. To avoid pests, pest resistant varieties can be used. Summer ploughing is also helpful in removing weeds. In this method fields are ploughed deep in the summer to destroy weeds and pests.

 

  1. What factors may be responsible for losses of grains during storage?
    Ans:  Storage losses in agriculture can be very high. factors responsible for such losses are:Biotic – insects, rodents, fungi, mites, bacteria etc.

    Abiotic – inappropriate moisture and temperature of the storage area.

  2. How does storage losses cause harm to agricultural produce?

Ans:  Storage losses cause degradation in quality, loss in weight, poor germinability and discoloration of produce resulting in poor marketability.

 

  1. What are the various methods to avoid loss of grains during storage?

Ans:  Storage losses of the grains can be reduced by strict cleaning of the produce before storage, proper drying of the produce first in sunlight and then in shade and fumigation using chemicals which can kill the pests.

 

  1. What do you mean by animal husbandry?

Ans:  The scientific management of animal livestock is called animal husbandry. It includes feeding, breeding and disease control.

 

  1. Give two reasons for which cattle farming is done.

Ans:  Cattle husbandry is done for two purposes – milk and draught labour for agricultural work such as tiling, ploughing etc.

 

  1. What is the lactation period?

Ans: The period of milk production after the birth of calf is called the lactation period.
Milk production can be increased by increasing the lactation period. For this reason exotic breeds  like Jersey and Brown Swiss (for long lactation period) are crossbred with Indian breeds like Red Sindhi and Sahiwal (excellent resistance to diseases) to get animals with both the desired qualities.

 

  1. Name two milk producing cattle in India.

Ans: Bos indicus (Cow) and Bos bubalis (buffalo)

 

  1. What are the food requirements of dairy animals?

Ans:  The food requirements of the dairy animals are of two types –

  1. maintenance requirements – the food required by the animal to live a healthy life.
  2. milk producing requirements – the food required by the animal during lactation period.

 

  1. What are the two major components of animal feed?

Ans:  Animal feed includes

  1. roughage – largely fibre
  2. concentrates – low in fibre and contains relatively high levels of proteins and other nutrients.

 

  1. How does one get to know if a cattle is sick?

Ans:  A healthy animal feeds regularly and has a normal posture.

 

  1. What are the different types of parasites affecting the health of animals?

Ans:  The animal may get affected by both external and internal parasites. The external parasites live on the skin and mainly cause skin  diseases.   The internal parasites like worms affect the stomach and intestine while flukes damage the liver.

 

  1. What do you mean by poultry farming?

Ans:  Poultry farming is undertaken to raise domestic fowl for egg production and chicken meat.

 

  1. Name Indian and exotic breeds of poultry birds.

Ans:  The cross breeding programmes between Indian ( Aseel) and exotic ( Leghorn) breeds for variety improvement are focused on to develop new varieties of poultry birds.

 

  1. What are the various traits for which cross breeding programmes are carried out for poultry birds?

Ans:  i)       Number and quality of chicks.

  1. ii) Dwarf broilers for commercial chick production.

iii)     Summer adaptation capacity.

  1. iv) Low maintenance requirements.
  2. v) Reduction in the size of the egg-laying birds

 

  1. Explain the dietary requirements of the poultry birds.

Ans: The dietary requirements for broilers are different from the layers. Broiler

chickens are fed with vitamin rich supplementary feed for good growth rate and better feeding efficiency. The daily ration for the broilers is protein rich with adequate fats. The level of vitamin A and K is kept high in poultry feeds.

 

  1. What management practices are used for good production of poultry birds?

Ans.  For good production of the poultry birds temperature management and hygienic conditions are required for housing. Good poultry feed and prevention from diseases and pests are also needed to have a good yield of poultry birds.

 

  1. What are the two ways in which fish production is carried out?

Ans: There are two ways of fish production. One is from natural sources which is

called capture fishery. The other is fish farming, also called culture fishery.

 

  1. What are the various products of fish farming?

Ans:  Fish farming is done for producing finned true fish as well as shellfish such as prawns and molluscs.

 

  1. Name important varieties of fish obtained in India.

Ans:  Popular marine fish varieties in India include pomphret, mackerel, tuna, sardines and Bombay duck. Some marine fish are also farmed in sea water. This includes finned fishes like mullet, bhetki and pearl spots. shellfish like prawns, mussels and oysters. Oysters are cultivated for the pearls they make.

 

  1. What do you mean by mariculture?

Ans:  Fish farming done in ocean water is called mariculture.

 

  1. How is fish farming done in combination with rice farming?

Ans:  Sometimes fish are also grown in paddy fields. This helps the farmer to increase his income.

 

  1. What are brackish waters?

Ans:  Brackish water resources are the one where the sea water and fresh water mix together e.g. lagoons and estuaries. These places are important fish reservoirs.

 

  1. How are the schools of fish located?

Ans:  Large schools of fish are located by using satellites and echo-sounders. Then these fish can be easily captured by using large fishing nets.

 

  1. What is composite fish culture? What are the advantages of this system? State its one limitation and also the solution to this limitation.

Ans:  Composite fish farming is a method of intensive fish farming. In such a system a combination of five or six fish species is used in a single fish pond.

These species are selected in such a way that they do not compete with each other for food as they have different food habits.

Some of these species are surface feeders (Catlas), Rohus feed in the middle zone, while Mrigals and Common carps are the bottom feeders. Green carps feed on the weeds. Together these species can use all food in the pond without competing with each other. This increases the fish yield from the pond.

 

Limitation – Many of these fish breed only in monsoon season, even if fish seeds are collected from the wild, it can be mixed with that of other species as well. So a major problem is to obtain good quality seeds.

This problem can be overcome by hormonal stimulation of fish in the ponds to ensure supply of pure fish seeds in desirable quantities.

 

  1. Why is bee keeping done? How does it help the farmer?

Ans:  Beekeeping is done to obtain honey which  is widely used and also to obtain bee wax which is used for various medicinal purposes.

 

  1. List various varieties of honey bee reared in India.

Ans:  The local varieties of honey bees used for commercial honey production are Apis cerana indica (Indian bee), Apis dorsata (The rock bee) and Apis florae (The little bee). An Italian bee variety, Apis mellifera, has also been used to increase the production of honey. This variety has high honey collection capacity and they sting less. Also, they stay in a given bee hive for a longer period of time.

 

  1. What is an apiary?

Ans:  Large bee farms for commercial honey production are called apiaries. Rearing

and breeding of honey bees for honey production is called apiculture.

 

  1. What are the factors on which the quality of honey depends?

Ans:  The value or the quality of honey produced depends on the pasturage or the

flowers available to the bees for collection of nectar and pollen. Besides this the kind of flowers available also determine the taste of the honey.