Fundamental Unit of Life Extra Questions

CSCE TUTORIAL

Class – IX                                                                                                                                                                                    Science

Fundamental Unit of Life

  1. Name two unicellular organisms.
  2. Name the smallest known cell.
  3. Who coined the term ‘Protoplasm’ for the fluid substance of the cell?
  4. Name two structures that are found in plant cell but not in animal cell.
  5. Name the process in which diffusion takes place through a semi permeable membrane.
  6. Name the process by which unicellular freshwater organisms and most plant cell tend to gain water.
  7. Name the cell organelle which serves as a channel for transport of material between cytoplasm and nucleus.
  8. What is the function of cellulose?
  9. Write the full form of DNA.
  10. Name the energy currency of cell.
  11. Name the cell organelle called as the power house of a cell.
  12. Name the organelle that imparts red and yellow colours to the flower.
  13. Name the type of plastid that helps in the process of photosynthesis.
  14. Which of the organelle is present only in plants and possess their own genome and ribosomes.
  15. Which organelle is called the factory of ribosomes?
  16. Where is stroma is present in the cell?
  17. Who discovered cell?
  18. What are all organisms made up of?
  19. Name the largest animal cell.
  20. Who discovered bacteria?
  21. Who discovered nucleus in the cell?
  22. Who gave the term protoplasm?
  23. What are the three functional regions of the cell?
  24. What happens when dried raisins or apricots are put into
    (i).   Pure water
    (ii).  Concentrated solution of sugar
    (iii). Concentrated solution of salt
  25. How do unicellular fresh water organisms and plant cells gain water?
  26. What is plasma membrane made up of?
  27. Name the process through which amoeba acquires its food.
  28. Name the outer covering of an animal cell.
  29. Name the outer covering of the plant cell.
  30. Why are mitochondria called ‘power house of the cell’?

Class – 10 Real Numbers Important Questions

CSCE TUTORIAL
Real Numbers
Chapter – 1
Most Important Questions
  1. Write the HCF of the smallest composite number and the smallest prime number.
  2. Using prime factorization, find HCF and LCM of 96 and 120.
  3. Explain whether (3 × 5 × 13 × 46) + 23 is prime or composite number.
  4. The HCF of two numbers a and b is 5 and their LCM is 200. Find the Product of ab.
  5. Two positive integers a and b can be written as a = x³y² and b = xy³. If x and y are the prime numbers, then find the LCM of (a, b).
  6. Prove that √2 is an irrational number.
  7. Prove that 3 – 2√5 is an irrational number, given that √5 is an irrational number.
  8. If HCF (253, 440) = 11 and LCM (253, 440) = 253 × R, Find the value of R.
  9. Explain, why (7 × 11 × 13) + 13 and (7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1) + 5 are composite numbers?
  10. The length, breadth and height of a room are 8m 25cm, 6m 75cm and 4m 50cm, respectively. Find the length of the longest rod that can measure the three dimensions of the room exactly.

Class 9 History Chapter 1 The French Revolution Notes

The French Revolution: A Turning Point in History

The French Revolution, one of the most significant events in modern history, marked a radical shift in the political, social, and economic landscape of France. It ignited a flame of change that spread across Europe and influenced subsequent revolutions throughout the world. In this article, we will delve into the causes, key events, and lasting impact of the French Revolution.

Introduction

The French Revolution, which took place from 1789 to 1799, was a period of intense political and social upheaval in France. It was characterized by a series of profound transformations that challenged the existing monarchy and aristocracy, ultimately leading to the establishment of a democratic government.

Background of the French Revolution

To understand the French Revolution, it is essential to explore the prevailing conditions in France leading up to the upheaval. In the 18th century, France was an absolute monarchy under the rule of King Louis XVI. The country was burdened with significant economic challenges, social inequality, and a rigid class system.

Causes of the French Revolution

The French Revolution was the culmination of various factors that had been brewing for years. Several key causes contributed to the explosive nature of the revolution.

Economic factors

France was plagued by economic troubles, including a mounting national debt, inflation, and a regressive taxation system that burdened the common people while exempting the nobility and clergy. The financial crisis further exacerbated the existing social tensions.

Social inequality

French society was divided into three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. The first two estates enjoyed numerous privileges and held significant power, while the third estate, comprising the majority of the population, bore the brunt of heavy taxation and lacked political representation.

Political unrest

The absolute rule of the monarchy and its resistance to reform efforts created widespread discontent among the people. Enlightenment ideas emphasizing individual rights, liberty, and equality began to gain traction, inspiring calls for political change and challenging the established order.

Key Events of the French Revolution

The French Revolution unfolded through a series of pivotal events that shaped its trajectory and outcomes. These events shook the foundations of the old regime and set the stage for the birth of a new era.

Estates-General and Tennis Court Oath

In May 1789, the Estates-General, an assembly representing the three estates, was convened to address the country’s financial crisis. Frustrated with the unequal representation and lack of power, the third estate declared itself the National Assembly. They took the famous Tennis Court Oath, pledging not to disband until a constitution was established.

Storming of the Bastille

On July 14, 1789, the disgruntled citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille, a symbol of royal authority. This event marked a significant turning point and came to symbolize the overthrow of tyranny.

 

Rise of the Jacobin Club

The Jacobin Club, a political club formed in 1789, played a crucial role in the radicalization of the revolution. Led by figures such as Maximilien Robespierre, the Jacobins pushed for more extensive political and social reforms, promoting ideas of popular sovereignty and republicanism.

 

Reign of Terror

The period known as the Reign of Terror, which lasted from 1793 to 1794, was characterized by intense political repression and violence. Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety sought to suppress counter-revolutionary forces, leading to mass executions and a climate of fear.

 

 

Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

Amidst the chaos and instability, Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as a military leader and eventually seized power in a coup d’état in 1799. His rise marked the end of the revolutionary period and the beginning of a new era in French history.

 

Impact of the French Revolution

The French Revolution had far-reaching consequences, both within France and globally. Its impact extended beyond political boundaries and reshaped societies and ideologies.

Spread of revolutionary ideas

The French Revolution’s ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity spread across Europe, inspiring and influencing subsequent revolutions and movements for independence. It challenged the prevailing systems of governance and laid the groundwork for modern democratic principles.

Abolition of feudalism

The French Revolution marked the end of the feudal system in France. Feudal privileges were abolished, and the concept of social hierarchy based on birthright was challenged. This led to a more egalitarian society where merit and individual rights gained prominence.

Rise of nationalism

The French Revolution fueled the growth of nationalistic sentiments, emphasizing the importance of the nation as a collective entity. It fostered a sense of identity and solidarity among the French people and served as a model for other nationalist movements around the world.

Influence on other revolutions

The French Revolution’s impact extended beyond Europe. It influenced revolutionary movements in Latin America, inspiring independence movements against colonial powers. The ideals of the French Revolution resonated with oppressed peoples globally, sparking a wave of anti-colonial and anti-imperialist struggles.

Conclusion

The French Revolution stands as a pivotal moment in history, marking a significant shift towards democratic governance, social equality, and the rise of nationalism. It challenged the status quo, inspired generations, and continues to be studied and debated to this day. The revolution’s legacy serves as a reminder of the power of ideas and the potential for radical change in the face of injustice.

Force and Laws of Motion

CSCE TUTORIAL

Force and Laws of Motion

Worksheet-1

 

  1. Which of the following has more inertia:
         (a)  a rubber ball and a stone of the same size?
         (b)  a bicycle and a train?
         (c)  a five rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
  1. Explain why some of the leaves may get detached from a tree if we vigorously shake its branch.
  1. Why do you fall in the forward direction when a moving bus brakes to a stop and fall backwards when it accelerates from rest?
  1. A constant force acts on an object of mass 5 kg for a duration of 2 s. It increases the object’s velocity from 3 m s–1 to 7 m s-1. Find the magnitude of the applied force. Now, if the force was applied for a duration of 5 s, what would be the final velocity of the object?
  1. A motorcar is moving with a velocity of 108 km/h and it takes 4 s to stop after the brakes are applied. Calculate the force exerted by the brakes on the motorcar if its mass along with the passengers is 1000 kg.
  1. A force of 5 N gives a mass m1 , an acceleration of 10 m s–2 and a mass m2 , an acceleration of 20 m s-2 . What acceleration would it give if both the masses were tied together?
  1. Explain why it is difficult for a fireman to hold a hose, which ejects large amounts of water at a high velocity.
  1. When a carpet is beaten with a stick, dust comes out of it. Explain.
  1. A stone of 1 kg is thrown with a velocity of 20 m s–1 across the frozen surface of a lake and comes to rest after travelling a distance of 50 m. What is the force of friction between the stone and the ice?
  1. An object of mass 100 kg is accelerated uniformly from a velocity of 5 m s–1 to 8 m s–1 in 6 s. Calculate the initial and final momentum of the object. Also, find the magnitude of the force exerted on the object.
  1. How much momentum will a dumb-bell of mass 10 kg transfer to the floor if it falls from a height of 80 cm? Take its downward acceleration to be 10 m s–2 .

Class – 9 Motion

CSCE TUTORIAL

MOTION

Worksheet – 1

  1. Can the magnitude of the displacement be equal to the distance travelled by an object? Justify by giving an example.

 

  1. A farmer moves along the boundary of a square field of side 10 m in 40 s. What will be the magnitude of displacement of the farmer at the end of 2 minutes 20 seconds from his initial position?

 

  1. What does the odometer of an automobile measure?

 

  1. The odometer of a car reads 2000 km at the start of a trip and 2400 km at the end of the trip. If the trip took 8 h, calculate the average speed of the car in km h–1 and m s–1. 

 

  1. A bus decreases its speed from 80 km h–1 to 60 km h–1 in 5 s. Find the acceleration of the bus.

 

  1. What is the nature of the distance-time graphs for uniform and non-uniform motion of an object? 

 

  1. What can you say about the motion of an object whose distance-time graph is a straight line parallel to the time axis?

 

  1. What can you say about the motion of an object if its speed-time graph is a straight line parallel to the time axis? 

 

  1. What is the quantity which is measured by the area occupied below the velocity-time graph?

 

  1. He brakes applied to a car produce an acceleration of 6 m s-2 in the opposite direction to the motion. If the car takes 2 s to stop after the application of brakes, calculate the distance it travels during this time.

 

  1. A trolley, while going down an inclined plane, has an acceleration of 2 cm s-2. What will be its velocity 3 s after the start?

 

  1. A stone is thrown in a vertically upward direction with a velocity of 5 m s-1. If the acceleration of the stone during its motion is 10 m s–2 in the downward direction, what will be the height attained by the stone and how much time will it take to reach there?

 

  1. Abdul, while driving to school, computes the average speed for his trip to be 20 km h–1. On his return trip along the same route, there is less traffic and the average speed is 30 kmh–1 What is the average speed for Abdul’s trip?

 

  1. A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity increases uniformly at the rate of 10 m s-2, with what velocity will it strike the ground? After what time will it strike the ground?

 

  1. State which of the following situations are possible and give an example for each of these:

          (a) an object with a constant acceleration but with zero velocity

          (b) an object moving in a certain direction with an acceleration in the perpendicular direction. 

 

  1. An artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit of radius 42250 km. Calculate its speed if it takes 24 hours to revolve around the earth.

वाक्य अभ्यास

CSCE TUTORIAL

वाक्य अभ्यास

  1. ‘जो परिश्रम करेगा, वह सफल होगा-अर्थ के आधार पर वाक्य का कौन-सा भेद है?
  • (क) संदेहवाचक
  • (ख) विधानवाचक
  • (ग) संकेत वाचक
  • (घ) विस्मयवाचक

 

  1. ‘जैसी नीयत होती है अल्ला भी वैसी ही बरकत देता हैं अर्थ की दृष्टि से वाक्य भेद क्या होगा?
  • (क) इच्छावाचक
  • (ख) आज्ञावाचक
  • (ग) निषेधवाचक
  • (घ) संकेतवाचक

 

  1. ‘लड़का परसों सुबह मुँह अँधेरे बेलों में से पके खरबूजे चुन रहा था’ वाक्य अर्थ की दृष्टि से किस प्रकार का वाक्य है?
  • (क) विधानवाचक
  • (ख) संदेहवाचक
  • (ग) इच्छावाचक
  • (घ) विस्मयवाचक

 

  1. ‘आज वह बाजार में सौदा बेचने चली गई; हाय रे पत्थर दिल!’ वाक्य अर्थ की दृष्टि से किस वर्ग में आएगा?
  • (क) विधानवाचक
  • (ख) विस्मयवाचक
  • (ग) इच्छावाचक
  • (घ) संदेहवाचक

 

  1. ‘शायद उन्हें मेरी बात बुरी लग गई होगी’ वाक्य में अर्ध की दृष्टि से कौन-सा भेद है?
  • (क) निषेधवाचक
  • (ख) आज्ञावाचक
  • (ग) संदेहवाचक
  • (घ) संकेतवाचक

 

  1. ‘अनेक बार देखा कि केवल थोड़ी दूर के बाद कोई ऊँची चढ़ाई नहीं है’ अर्थ की दृष्टि से वाक्य का प्रकार बताइए।
  • (क) विधानवाचक
  • (ख) संदेहवाचक
  • (ग) आज्ञावाचक
  • (घ) निषेधवाचक

 

  1. ‘ल्हाटू एक नायलॉन की रस्सी लाया था’ वाक्य अर्थ के आधार पर किस प्रकार का वाक्य है?
  • (क) विस्मयवाचक
  • (ख) संदेहवाचक
  • (ग) इच्छावाचक
  • (घ) विधानवाचक

 

  1. निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को निर्देशानुसार परिवर्तित कीजिए-
  • उसके व्यवहार को कौन नहीं जानता?                                       विधान वाचक
  • उसने अपना काम पूरा कर लिया।                                            प्रश्नवाचक
  • हाथी बहुत बड़ा है।                                                                विस्मयादिबोधक
  • कल मैं विद्यालय नहीं जाऊँगा ।                                                संदेह वाचक
  • वह कक्षा में प्रथम आया।                                                          विस्मयादिबोधक
  • उसने किसी से बात नहीं की।                                                    विधान वाचक
  • अर्चना अपना पाठ याद कर रही है।                                            आज्ञा वाचक
  • आज बहुत ठंड है।                                                                   निषेधवाचक
  • वह मान जाएगा।                                                                      निषेधवाचक
  • तुम आ गए हो।                                                                         विस्मयादिबोधक
  • शायद आज मामा जी आएँगे।                                                      प्रश्नवाचक
  • वीरेश प्रतिदिन व्यायाम करता है।                                               आज्ञावाचक
  • तुम्हारा मित्र आज विद्यालय नहीं जाएगा।                                      प्रश्नवाचक
  • वह दिल्ली जाएगा।                                                                   प्रश्नवाचक
  • अपनी-अपनी आस्थानुसार नित्य प्रार्थना करनी चाहिए।                   आज्ञा वाचक
  • उसने कोई उपाय नहीं छोड़ा।                                                    विधान वाचक
  • वर्षा आएगी।                                                                           संदेह वाचक

विराम चिह्न

CSCE TUTORIAL
विराम चिह्न

लिखते समय रुकने वाले स्थानों को प्रकट करने के लिए कुछ विशेष चिह्न लगाने पड़ते हैं, उन्हीं चिह्नों को विराम-चिह्न कहते हैं।

ये तेरह हैं-

  1. पूर्ण विराम (Full Stop) ( I )
  2. अल्प विराम (Comma) (.)
  3. अर्ध विराम (Semicolon) (;)
  4. प्रश्नवाचक चिह्न (Mark of Interrogation)(?)
  5. विस्मय वाचक-चिह्न (Mark of Exclamation)(!)
  6. उप विराम / अपूर्ण विराम (Colon)(:)
  7. निर्देशक-चिह्न (Dash) _
  8. विवरण – चिह्न (Sign of Following) (:-)
  9. लाघव – चिह्न (Sign of Abbreviation) (•)
  10. योजक-चिह्न (Hyphen) (-)
  11. कोष्ठक (Brackets) ( )
  12. उद्धरण चिह्न (Inverted Comma) (” “) (‘ ’)
  13. त्रुटि पूरक (^)
(अभ्यास कार्य)

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में उचित विराम-चिह्न लगाइए–

  1. स्त्री- बस, आप इस मुकदमे को ले लें I मैं आपको तीन हज़ार रुपए रोज़ दूँगीI
  2. मेरा बचपन ! क्या यह हाल की बात है?
  3. उन चार चेहरों के आठ- आठ जोड़ी दाँत I आहा ! मानो धूप में रखे आईने की तरह चमक उठते I
  4. जब तक अलाव जलते रहेंगे ; तब तक बची रहेगी आग , बची रहेगी सामूहिकता, बचा रहेगा खुलकर कह- सुन सकने का चलन I
  5. हम कर्मशील बनें I हमारी कारीगरी बढ़े, तभी हमारा भाग्योदय होगा I
  6. उसने उनके कान में जाकर कहा – “उठो मियाँ, उठो जागो ,जागने का वक़्त हैI”
  7. हाँ, देख लेना तुम I ताना मार रहे हो, लेकिन मैं दिखा दूँगा ;धन को कितना तुच्छ समझता हूँ I
  8. धन के लिए माँ -बाप, भाई- बंधु सबसे अलग यहाँ पड़ा हूँ , न जाने अभी कितनी सलामियाँ देनी पड़ेंगी , कितनी खुशामद करनी पड़ेगी ?
  9. अब कहाँ जाओगे ? यहीं सो रहो I और बातें हों , तुम तो कभी आते भी नहीं I
  10. मालिक जी जैसे सेवा व्रती निश्छल व्यक्ति भगवान की याचना अनुग्रह से ही मिलते हैं बिनु हरि कृपा मिलिए नहीं संता
  11. यह सब तो हुआ पर मालिक जी को जैसे गुरुमंत्र ही मिल गया अगर पीड़ा है तो आशा भी है
  12. उन्होंने निष्कर्ष दिया ज़्यादती उनकी है गलती हमारी मैंने पूछा गलती कौन सी
  13. उसके साथ कुछ मिठाई नमकीन बिस्कुट मौसमी फल जैसे सेब अमरूद केला संतरा यानी कि जी खोल कर स्वागत होता
  14. उन दिनों फ़ोटो नहीं खींची जाती थी भला यह कैसे कहा जा सकता है बात है कितनी पुरानी विधान बाबू का बचपन अभी तीस पैंतीस साल पहले की ही तो बात है
  15. मुझे क्या परेशानी होगी चल तो तुम रहे हो दिन में दस बीस मील गरम रेत पर मैं तो मज़े से बैठा हूँ कंधे पर
  16. आचार्यों ने कहा सेवा देने की चीज़ है लेने की नहीं सेवा लेने के अधिकारी बच्चे असहाय और वृद्ध हैं
  17. माताजी ने कहा सब ठीक ठाक होना चाहिए वरना बीच अंतरिक्ष में चलान कर दूँगा
  18. गुरुदेव हमारी तो बड़ी आफ़त है तमाम भले लोग आते हैं और कहते हैं उस बेचारे बेक़सूर को क्यों फँसा रहे हैं ऐसा तो चंद्रलोक में कभी नहीं हुआ
  19. कौन कहता है आप अकेली हैं महारानी आप तो गीता पढ़ती हैं फिर यह निराशा कैसी
  20. स्वराज्य प्राप्ति से बढ़कर है स्वराज्य की स्थापना के लिए भूमि तैयार करना स्वराज्य की नींव का पत्थर बनना




Social Science

Chapterwise Notes, Worksheets and Assignments

Geography

Chapter 1: Resources and Development

                 Resources and Development MCQ

                 Resources and Development Important Questions

Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources
Chapter 3: Water Resources
Chapter 4: Agriculture
Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources
Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries
Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy

Economics

Chapter 1: Development
Chapter 2: Sectors of the Indian Economy
Chapter 3: Money and Credit
Chapter 4: Globalisation and the Indian Economy
Chapter 5: Consumer Rights

 

History

Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Chapter 2: Nationalism in India
Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World
Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation
Chapter 5: Print Culture and The Modern World

Political Science

Chapter 1: Power Sharing
Chapter 2: Federalism
Chapter 3: Democracy and Diversity
Chapter 4: Gender, Religion and Caste
Chapter 5: Popular Struggles and Movements
Chapter 6: Political Parties
Chapter 7: Outcomes of Democracy
Chapter 8: Challenges to Democracy